The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the four traditional festivals in China. It is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is a folk festival that integrates worship of gods and ancestors, praying for blessings and exorcism, celebrating entertainment and eating. There are more than 20 nicknames, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, Loong Boat Festival, Chongwu Festival, Chongwu Festival and Tianzhong Festival. It is a traditional festival of Han, Shui, Naxi, Tibetan, Yi, Dai, Gelao ethnic group, Pumi and other ethnic groups.
As a festival, Loong Boat Festival was formed in the Han Dynasty. There is a record in the “Customs and General Principles” by Ying Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty that on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people should guard against military service ghosts and prevent diseases and epidemics. The origin of the Loong Boat Festival has varied from ancient times to the present. The main arguments are: the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan, the theory of welcoming the Tao God (Wu Zixu became the Tao God after his unjust death), the theory of evil days, the theory of dragon festivals (that is, the theory of sacrificing the dragon totem), and the theory of the summer solstice. The origin of the Loong Boat Festival covers the ancient astrological culture, humanistic philosophy and other aspects, and contains profound and rich cultural connotation. In the process of inheritance and development, it blends a variety of folk customs. Due to different regional cultures, there are differences in the content or details of customs.
The main customs of the Loong Boat Festival include hanging the Zhong Kui statue, hiding from the noon, pasting the Wu Ye Fu, hanging calamus, wormwood, traveling to various diseases, wearing sachets, preparing animals, racing Loong Boat, contesting martial arts, hitting balls, playing swings, painting realgar, drinking realgar wine, calamus wine, eating five poison cakes, salted eggs, Zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits. In addition to the superstitious activities that have gradually disappeared, the rest have spread to all parts of China and neighboring countries.
South Korea
Loong Boat Festival in South Korea is also called Jiangling Loong Boat Festival. In 1967, it was designated as the 13th Important Intangible Cultural Heritage and Important Intangible Cultural Relics of South Korea. On November 25, 2005, it was designated as the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. The Jiangling Dragon Boat Festival begins with the worship of gods in Daguanling. During the event, various witchcraft and sacrificial ceremonies will be held, as well as traditional games and experiential activities such as skipping rope and mask making, as well as witchcraft performances, mask dances, and agricultural music performances.
Japan
Before the Second World War, Japan’s Loong Boat Festival, also known as Children’s Day, was a festival for boys. On this day, there are boys’ families, who put up carp flags and eat Zongzi and cypress leaf cakes to celebrate the festival. Insert the calamus under the eaves or soak it in the bathwater for a bath. The custom of Dragon Boat Festival was introduced to Japan from China after the Heian period in Japan. The Japanese people call it “Ai Qi brings a hundred blessings, Pu Jian slays a thousand evil spirits”. The special diet of the festival includes Japanese Zongzi and cypress cake.
Singapore
Singaporeans also have the custom of racing Loong Boat and eating Zongzi. Among them, Nyonya zongzi is a unique Dragon Boat Festival delicacy in Singapore. The unique spice “coriander powder” is paired with soy sauce, carefully marinated with high-quality lean meat, and then stir fried with sweet and refreshing winter melon strips. Finally, it is wrapped in translucent glutinous rice.
Vietnam
On the Loong Boat Festival, Vietnamese people will prepare yellow ginger glutinous rice to thank their ancestors for their kindness to bring their children a good life, and pray for their ancestors to bless good weather and good harvest. In addition, Vietnamese people believe that the yellow ginger in yellow ginger rice has the effects of avoiding epidemics, detoxifying, and preventing sores.
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